31 August 2025

A Useful Ghost


A Useful Ghost

[This review contains spoilers.]

A young woman dies, and returns as a ghost to reunite with her husband. This Thai legend, the story of Mae Nak, has been retold dozens of times, including in the blockbuster Pee Mak (พี่มาก .. พระโขนง) starring Davika Hoorne. (I wrote about the various Mae Nak adaptations for Encounter Thailand magazine.)

Davika also stars in A Useful Ghost (ผีใช้ได้ค่ะ), though there’s a bizarre twist to the tale: she plays Nat, a ghost that returns to her husband March not as a traditional spectre, but as a haunted vacuum cleaner. (The names Nat and March evoke those of Mae Nak and her husband Mak.)

In A Useful Ghost, the spirits of the dead possess electrical appliances, either to be near their loved ones or, in most cases, to torment the people responsible for their deaths. Inhaling airbourne dust particles seems to be a common cause of death, hence the possessed vacuums, and this is a reflection of real life: Bangkok and Chiang Mai are notorious for their air pollution.

Ratchapoom Boonbunchachoke’s film begins as an absurd comedy, as the haunted Hoover trundles around. (A Useful Ghost shares a deadpan humour with the short films of Sorayos Prapapan.) In a hilarious early sequence, a monk calls Nat’s ghost a cunt, prompting a debate among his fellow monks about whether they should use such an offensive word.

A Useful Ghost

In its second half, A Useful Ghost becomes much darker. We discover that some appliances are haunted by victims of political violence: Dr Paul, a minister in an unspecified government department, complains that he can’t sleep due to the sounds of gunshots replayed by the ghosts of those who died at Ratchaprasong in 2010 and Thammasat University in 1976. It’s this noise, not his conscience, keeping him awake at night.

The film shifts in tone from comedy to dystopian satire, as the state uses electroconvulsive therapy to erase the memories of the ghosts’ living relatives. (If people can’t remember the deceased, then the ghosts will disappear.) The ECT not only eliminates the ghosts, it also ensures that any memories of state atrocities are wiped, and March challenges this brainwashing by reading books about the events the government is trying to erase.

The whitewashing and forgetting of political violence is also a key theme in the sci-fi film Taklee Genesis (ตาคลี เจเนซิส), the short film Transmissions of Unwanted Pasts (วงโคจรของความทรงจำ), and the video installation Delete Our History, Now! (อำนาจ/การลบทิ้ง). The Thammasat killings inspired the supernatural horror films Colic (โคลิคเด็กเห็นผี) and Haunted Universities (มหาลัยสยองขวัญ). There are three short films featuring the ghosts of Ratchaprasong massacre victims: This House Have Ghost [sic], We Will Forget It Again (แล้วเราจะลืมมันอีกครั้ง) — which also deals with the theme of forgetting the past — and Hush, Tonight the Dead Are Dreaming Loudly.

A Useful Ghost’s initial focus on dust particles and vacuum cleaners is given an additional resonance in its second half. In Thailand, the idiom ‘dust under the feet’ refers to people swept under the carpet like specks of dust to be vacuumed up. The film’s cathartic ending hints at this metaphorical meaning of ‘dust’, as the ghosts wreak their revenge on Dr Paul while dust particles are shown glittering in the air.

30 August 2025

Constitutional Court:
“Her actions have led to a loss of trust…”



The Constitutional Court has ruled that Paetongtarn Shinawatra must be dismissed as Prime Minister, after finding her guilty of unethical conduct. The 6–3 majority verdict came after an investigation into a telephone call between Paetongtarn and former Cambodian PM Hun Sen, in which she appeared to side with Cambodia against her own military.

The phone call took place on 15th June, and the Cambodian government released a recording of it online a few days later, to embarrass Paetongtarn at a time of rising tensions between the two countries. During the conversation, Paetongtarn criticised Boonsin Padklang, a regional military commander: “As for the opposition to the Thai government, such as the 2nd Army Region commander, he could say anything that doesn’t benefit the country — anything just to make himself look cool”.

There is an active border dispute between Thailand and Cambodia, and Boonsin commands troops in Thailand’s northeastern region, which includes the Thai–Cambodia border. In the phone call, Paetongtarn also seemed to accept Cambodia’s conditions to resolve the conflict, putting her under pressure from nationalists who protested that the Shinawatra family was putting its personal relationship with Hun Sen before the country’s national security.

This was echoed by yesterday’s verdict. In its judgement, the court said: “Her actions have led to a loss of trust, prioritising personal interest over national interest, which fuelled public suspicion that she was siding with Cambodia and diminished confidence in her as PM among Thai citizens... The defendant has not upheld the ethical code of conduct.”

Anutin Charnvirakul — now a leading candidate to replace Paetongtarn as PM — used the controversy as a pretext to withdraw his Bhumjaithai party from the coalition government, and thirty-six senators petitioned the Constitutional Court, accusing her of breaching ethical standards. She had been suspended as PM for the past two months, during the court’s investigation.

Paetongtarn is the daughter of Thaksin Shinawatra, who has maintained an outsized influence over Thai politics for the past twenty years despite being deposed by the 2006 coup. Paetongtarn is the fifth PM to have been hand-picked by Thaksin, after Srettha Thavisin, Yingluck Shinawatra, Samak Sundaravej, and Somchai Wongsawat. Coincidentally or not, all five have been dismissed by the Constitutional Court.

28 August 2025

Thai Film Archive


Tears of the Black Tiger

The Thai Film Archive in Salaya shows a continuous programme of classic films, though over the next two months there will be some especially remarkable screenings. September and October’s highlights include several of the most important Thai films of all time, and classics of world cinema.

There will be a chance to see a selection of films on the national heritage register. (Each year since 2011, titles have been added to a list films of artistic or historical significance, with new additions announced each 4th October.) These range from the documentary การปฏิบัติหน้าที่เพื่อประเทศชาติในตำแหน่งหัวหน้ารัฐบาลและผู้นำทางทหาร จนถึงล้มป่วยและอสัญกรรมของ ฯพณฯ จอมพลสฤษดิ์ ธนะรัชต์ (‘Field Marshal Sarit Thanarat performing duties for the country as the head of government and military leader until his illness and death’) on 19th September, to Somboonsuk Niyomsiri’s all-time classic A Man Called Tone (โทน) on 2nd and 27th September.


Sarit Thanarat


The Sarit newsreel, previously screened at the Borderless Film Festival (เทศกาลภาพยนตร์ไร้พรมแดน) in Khon Kaen, is a fascinating example of Cold War state propaganda. At the time of its original release, it would have provided a counter-narrative to the exposés of the dictator’s decadence and corruption that were rushed into print after his death. The film depicts Sarit as a PM dedicated to his people, especially in Isan, where he is seen working to alleviate poverty. He is portrayed as a tireless leader, to the extent that he became ill through overwork, and the film ends with scenes of national mourning following his state funeral.

A Man Called Tone

A Man Called Tone


The release of A Man Called Tone in 1970 was a turning point in Thai cinema history. Filmed in widescreen 35mm, it marked the end of the 16mm era, a formulaic mode of production that had dominated the industry for the previous twenty years. Stylistically, its modern approach to characterisation, acting, narrative, music, and cinematography was equally groundbreaking. It was last shown in 2023, to mark Somboonsuk’s ninetieth birthday, and was previously screened in 2022 at Doc Club and Pub in Bangkok, though a gala screening at the Scala cinema in 2020 was cancelled due to the coronavirus pandemic.

Monrak Luk Thung

Monrak Luk Thung


If A Man Called Tone signalled the birth of modern Thai cinema, the blockbuster musical Monrak Luk Thung (มนต์รักลูกทุ่ง) marked the end of the golden age. Starring Mitr Chaibancha and Petchara Chaowarat, Thai cinema’s greatest stars, and released in 1970 — the same year as A Man Called Tone — it was an unprecedented box-office success. It will be shown at the Film Archive on 1st and 24th October, as part of The Influencer, a season of films starring Mitr and inspired by him.

The Influencer also includes two films by Wisit Sasanatieng: Tears of the Black Tiger (ฟ้าทะลายโจร) and The Red Eagle (อินทรีแดง). Tears of the Black Tiger, a tribute to Mitr’s era of filmmaking, is screening on 11th and 21st October. The Red Eagle, a direct remake of Mitr’s final film, will be shown on 14th and 29th October. (Both films were previously shown by the Film Archive at Wisit retrospectives in 2021 and 2010.)

Tears of the Black Tiger

Tears of the Black Tiger


Tears of the Black Tiger, Wisit’s directorial debut, became a cult classic due to its uniquely over-saturated colour palette, its ‘spaghetti western’-style violence, and its lakorn-style melodrama. Celebrating its twenty-fifth anniversary this year, it’s one of the greatest Thai films ever made. It has been shown quite frequently over the years: in Chiang Mai in 2022, at Alliance Française in 2020, at Bangkok Screening Room in 2017, at Thailand Creative and Design Center in 2016, at Bangkok Art and Culture Centre in 2012, and at the Film Archive in 2013 and 2009.

The Red Eagle

The Red Eagle


The Red Eagle stars Ananda Everingham (who I interviewed in 2013) as the masked superhero originally played by Mitr, but in this updated version, the Red Eagle is as much a criminal as a hero. Like Iron Man, he is dependent on pain-relieving medication; like Batman in The Dark Knight, he rides a gleaming black motorbike; like both of them, he has no superpowers.

Political corruption is a major theme, and scenes in which the Thai PM’s car is surrounded by protesters are a reminder of the 2009 Songkran demonstrations in Bangkok. In fact, The Red Eagle is one of the few films to feature a prime minister as a character, in this case one who abandons his principles once he assumes office, reneging on a pre-election pledge to ban nuclear power.

Censor Must Die

Censor Must Die


Another Film Archive season, Woman with a Movie Camera, pays tribute to leading female directors and includes screenings of Ing K.’s Censor Must Die (เซ็นเซอร์ต้องตาย) on 8th and 28th October. The documentary follows producer Manit Sriwanichpoom as he appeals against the Ministry of Culture’s decision to ban Shakespeare Must Die (เชคสเปียร์ต้องตาย) and files a case with the Office of the National Human Rights Commission. (After more than a decade, the ban was finally revoked by the Supreme Court last year.)

Censor Must Die’s most revealing scene takes place at the headquarters of the Ministry of Culture: in the lobby, a TV plays a video demonstrating the traditional Thai method of sitting in a polite and respectful manner. The video encapsulates the Ministry’s didactic and outdated interpretation of Thai culture, and it was parodied by the mock instructional video “How to Behave Elegantly Like a Thai” in Sorayos Prapapan’s film Arnold Is a Model Student (อานนเป็นนักเรียนตัวอย่าง).

The documentary premiered at the Freedom on Film (สิทธิหนังไทย) seminar in 2013. It was shown a few months later at the Film Archive, and had private screenings at Silpakorn University and the Friese-Greene Club. After screenings in May and July last year, it is now showing on regular rotation at Cinema Oasis, the cinema Ing and Manit founded in Bangkok.

La haine

La haine
(‘hate’)


Finally, the French classic La haine (‘hate’), directed by Mathieu Kassovitz, will be shown at the Film Archive on 28th September. La haine, an explosive film exposing racial tensions in banlieue ghettos outside Paris, was also screened earlier this year at House Samyan in Bangkok, to mark its thirtieth anniversary.

23 August 2025

Isan Odyssey


Isan Odyssey

Thunska Pansittivorakul’s new documentary Isan Odyssey (อีสานอำพราง) had its premiere yesterday, as the opening film of the What the Doc! (เทศกาลภาพยนตร์ สารคดีนานาชาติ แห่งประเทศไทย) film festival. Thunska took part in a Q&A after the screening, at House Samyan in Bangkok.

One of Thunska’s frequent collaborators, Phassarawin Kulsomboon, made Khon Boys (เด็กโขน), a documentary about a troupe of young khon dancers, and Isan Odyssey begins in a similar vein, following a troupe of young mor lam performers. Just as Khon Boys covers the historical restrictions imposed on khon performances, Isan Odyssey links the past suppression of mor lam to the political history of Thailand.

Isan Odyssey highlights the origins of mor lam as a form of political expression in the Isan region. Modern mor lam, in contrast, is primarily a commercial entertainment: “Gone are the days of ideology and fighting against state injustice.”

Isan Odyssey

The veteran leader of the mor lam troupe recalls his youth in the 1960s, when he heard shots fired from helicopters, the sound of “Thai soldiers shooting communists”. This provides a segue to the film’s central theme: the state’s anti-Communist campaign in various Isan provinces during the Cold War.

A voiceover describes how suspected Communists were “brutally murdered” during Sarit Thanarat’s regime, and how this “ruthless suppression” continued during the Thanom Kittikachorn era. An elderly resident of the village of Nabua describes the situation at that time as “suffocatingly brutal.”

Similarly, Apichatpong Weerasethakul has made several films in and around Nabua, whose inhabitants were among the first victims of the anti-Communist purge. In Apichatpong’s short film A Letter to Uncle Boonmee (จดหมายถงลงบญม), a narrator recalls the area’s past: “Soldiers once occupied this place. They killed and tortured the villagers and forced them to flee to the jungle.”

Isan Odyssey

Isan Odyssey touches on three specific historical incidents, though only briefly. It includes 16mm newsreel footage from 14th October 1973, and a few photographs from 6th October 1976. A young photographer describes the military crackdown in May 2010, and a caption informs us that this resulted in 108 casualties. This grim statistic was a bone of contention in Nontawat Numbenchapol’s documentary Boundary (ฟ้าต่ำแผ่นดินสูง), which was banned in part because it claimed that around 100 people had died.

One of Thunska’s films, This Area Is Under Quarantine (บริเวณนี้อยู่ภายใต้การกักกัน), was also banned. As a result, he told me in an interview for Thai Cinema Uncensored: “I decided not to show any of my films in Thailand.” Working with German producer Jürgen Brüning, he made nine films — The Terrorists (ผู้ก่อการร้าย), Supernatural (เหนือธรรมชาติ), sPACEtIME (กาล-อวกาศ), Reincarnate (จุติ), Homogeneous, Empty Time (สุญกาล), Santikhiri Sonata (สันติคีรี โซนาตา), Avalon (แดนศักดิ์สิทธิ์), Danse Macabre (มรณสติ), and Damnatio Memoriae (ไม่พึงปรารถนา) — all of which featured sexually explicit and politically sensitive content, and none of which had theatrical releases in Thailand.

Isan Odyssey is an exception: it was produced by Documentary Club in Thailand, rather than by Brüning in Germany, and it will go on Thai general release in October. As in Thunska’s other work, Isan Odyssey directly criticises the Thai state, though it avoids the graphic imagery of his earlier films, hence its ‘15’ rating from the Thai film censorship board.

22 August 2025

Thaksin Shinawatra:
“The case was dismissed...”


Chosun Media

Charges of lèse-majesté and violation of the Computer Crime Act against former PM Thaksin Shinawatra were dismissed by the Criminal Court in Bangkok this morning. The charges related to a video interview that Thaksin gave in South Korea ten years ago: speaking to The Chosun Daily (조선일보), he implied that a “palace circle” was behind the 2014 coup.


Today, the court ruled that Thaksin’s interview did not constitute lèse-majesté, as he had not singled out any specific individual for criticism. The verdict followed the letter of the lèse-majesté law, and the court did not detect any possible innuendo in Thaksin’s vague references to palace insiders. This is how the law should be applied, though it’s in contrast to lèse-majesté cases involving less high-profile defendants, in which the law has been interpreted more broadly.

Thaksin’s passports were revoked by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 2015, in a preemptive decision pending a police investigation into the Chosun Daily video. Two days later, lèse-majesté charges were filed against him on behalf of Udomdej Sitabutr, army chief at the time (raising questions about the politicisation of the military). The case lay dormant for almost a decade, though it was reopened last year, following Thaksin’s return from self-imposed exile. He appeared at the Office of the Attorney General to answer the charges, and was then formally indicted. The long-running case has now been dropped.

Thaksin has been the single most influential figure in Thai politics over the past two decades. Although one case against him was dismissed today, another is still pending: the Supreme Court is investigating the legality of his suspicious stay in hospital, when he avoided a jail sentence, with a verdict due on 9th September.

21 August 2025

Deaw 12


Deaw 12

Popular comedian Udom Taephanich reported to police in Kanchanaburi yesterday after a defamation suit was filed against him by Preecha Kraikruan. Preecha hit the headlines in 2017 after falsely claiming that he had won the lottery, and Udom joked about this in his twelfth stand-up comedy show, filmed in 2018.

The show — Deaw 12 (เดี่ยว 12) — was released on DVD and is streaming on Netflix. Preecha apparently only recently realised that he was the butt of Udom’s jokes, hence his libel lawsuit filed seven years after the show was recorded. In a satirical song (part of the encore, which is not included in the YouTube video of the show), Udom rapped:

“Preecha claimed the lottery was his...
It’s easier to tell lies
Than admit the truth”.


This is the third legal case against Udom. Last year, he faced lèse-majesté charges after a routine about the ‘sufficiency economy’ in his Netflix special Super Soft Power (ซูเปอร์ซอฟต์พาวเวอร์). (In that show, he didn’t challenge the notion of sufficiency economy itself; instead, he criticised the hypocrisy of influencers who falsely claim to adhere to sufficiency economy principles.)

In 2022, he was accused of endangering national security following his mildly satirical riff about military leaders Prayut Chan-o-cha and Prawit Wongsuwan. (Comparing them to unqualified pilots, he suggested that they should resign: “both of you, the pilot and copilot, please eject yourselves from the plane.”)

20 August 2025

Chard Festival


Chard Festival

A three-day arts festival will take place in Phatthalung between 22nd and 24th August. The Chard Festival (ฉาด เฟสติวัล) features a programme of films by local directors, including two short films by Vichart Somkaew: The Poem of the River (บทกวีแห่งสายน้ำ) and (in its premiere screening) Antipsychotics. There will also be a screening of Vichart’s recent documentary When My Father Was a Communist (เมื่อพ่อผมเป็นคอมมิวนิสต์). One of the best Thai short films of recent years — Chatchawan Thongchan’s From Forest to City (อรัญนคร) — will also be shown, as will Nontawat Machai and Jakkraphan Sriwichai’s short film The Circle’s Circumference (เส้นรอบวง). Screenings will take place on 24th August at the Boone coffee shop.

Antipsychotics

Antipsychotics


At the start of Antipsychotics, Vichart reveals that he suffers from depression. In a voiceover, he describes his symptoms, which include hallucinations and feelings of paranoia. On screen, we see profiles of various antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs, and their possible side effects, accompanied by stock footage.

The director also recounts the traumatic experience that he feels led to his condition: the humiliating hazing rituals and violent punishments he endured during his conscription. “I drew a red card and was drafted into the military service”, he says, before describing the physical and mental harm he was subjected to.

There have been occasional news reports of cadets being injured — and worse — during military training sessions, though there is less coverage of the potential psychological toll that Vichart describes. At the end of his powerful and ultimately optimistic film, he argues that conscription should be replaced by voluntary service.

The Poem of the River

The Poem of the River


The Poem of the River opens with a caption describing “a Royal Development Project, costing 100 million baht” to dredge the water from the Lai Phan canal in Phatthalung. The film juxtaposes tranquil images of the canal and its verdant, fertile banks — including some beautiful drone photography — with footage of the dredging process.

The effect is similar to Koraphat Cheeradit’s short drama Yesterday Is Another Day, in which scenes set in a woodland are interrupted by shots of a JCB digging up the area. The Poem of the River has also been shown at the Chiang Mai Film Festival 2025 (เทศกาลหนังแห่งเมืองเชียงใหม่ 2568), and at the Isan Creative Festival 2025 (เทศกาลอีสานสร้างสรรค์).

When My Father Was a Communist

When My Father Was a Communist


For When My Father Was a Communist, Vichart interviewed his father, Sawang, and other former members of the Communist Party of Thailand. The film is a valuable social history, as the veterans explain their decisions to join the CPT, and describe their experiences in the forests of Phatthalung.

When My Father Was a Communist is also a record of the state’s violent suppression of Communist insurgents, hundreds (potentially thousands) of whom were burned in oil drums in 1972. These so-called ‘red barrel’ deaths were most prevalent in Phatthalung, and have never been officially investigated. (The names of the victims are listed before the film’s end credits.) There have been other documentaries about the red barrels, but When My Father Was a Communist stands out for Vichart’s close connections to the subject: this is a deeply personal project, as he was born in Phatthalung, and he is documenting the memories of his elderly father.

The film notes that the repressive atmosphere of the 1970s has not disappeared. One speaker says that the political system has barely changed since the military dictatorship after the 1976 coup. Another makes a direct comparison between the suppression of political opponents then and now: “dissolving political parties, slapping people with Article 112 charges... It’s like arresting them and throwing them in red barrels, but they do it in a different way now.”

When My Father Was a Communist was screened last month in Korat, Songkla, and Hat Yai. It was shown in Phimai, Phattalung, and Bangkok earlier this month. It had four screenings on 10th August: in Chiang Rai, Chiang Mai, Sakon Nakhon, and Nakhon Phanom.

From Forest to City Re-presentation

From Forest to City


From Forest to City is a black-and-white drama in three parts, narrated by a woman who survived the Thammasat massacre and joined the Communist insurgency. In the first part, smoke billowing from an oil drum signifies the hundreds of suspected Communists who were burnt alive in oil barrels in the 1970s.

In part two, comparing the 6th October 1976 massacre at Thammasat University to the present day, the narrator regrets that Thailand hasn’t changed: society remains irreconcilably divided, between student protesters and the conservative establishment. Although the film is black-and-white, there are two flashes of colour: a red folding chair, and a yellow t-shirt. Thanks to Neal Ulevich’s famous photograph of a man beating a corpse with a folding chair, this single item of furniture has come to symbolise the entire Thammasat massacre. The yellow t-shirt in an otherwise black-and-white shot recalls Chai Chaiyachit and Chisanucha Kongwailap’s short film Re-presentation (ผีมะขาม ไพร่ฟ้า ประชาธิปไตย ในคืนที่ลมพัดหวน), in which the yellow t-shirts worn by monarchists are the only objects shown in colour.

In part three, From Forest to City switches gear with a documentary montage of various dramatic episodes from modern Thai history: the Thammasat massacre, armoured personnel carriers demolishing red-shirt protest camps, riot police firing water cannon at students in Siam Square, and Arnon Nampa’s Harry Potter-themed protest. In an echo of Prap Boonpan’s sadly prophetic short film The Bangkok Bourgeois Party (ความลักลั่นของงานรื่นเริง), a yellow-shirt mob is seen attacking a pro-reform protester. The montage of news footage is set incongruously to รักกันไว้เถิด (‘let’s love each other’), a Cold War propaganda song whose lyrics call for national unity.

From Forest to City was also shown in Phatthalung last year. It was screened at Bangkok University in 2023, and in that year’s online Short Film Marathon (หนังสั้นมาราธอน).

The Circle's Circumference

The Circle’s Circumference


Nontawat Machai and Jakkraphan Sriwichai’s The Circle’s Circumference, a video of a performance by Nontawat, was made in memory of two murdered human-rights activists, Porlajee Rakchongcharoen and Chaiyaphum Pasae. Porlajee’s body was found in an oil drum at the bottom of a reservoir in 2019, five years after he went missing, and Chaiyaphum was shot at a military checkpoint in 2017. Thunska Pansittivorakul’s film Santikhiri Sonata (สันติคีรี โซนาตา) also refers to Chaiyaphum’s death. The Circle’s Circumference was previously shown at The 26th Thai Short Film and Video Festival (เทศกาลภาพยนตร์สั้น ครั้งที่ 26).

100 Most Influential Movies Beyond Times


Cinemags

To mark its 100th issue, Indonesian film magazine Cinemags compiled a list titled 100 Most Influential Movies Beyond Times [sic] in November 2007. The list is heavily weighted towards American titles, with films from other countries relegated to ‘outside Hollywood’ sidebars. (In the UK, Total Film magazine published a similar list, The 67 Most Influential Films Ever Made, in 2009.)

The 100 most influential movies, according to Cinemags:

100. Harry Potter 1–8
99. Reservoir Dogs
98. Before Sunset / Before Sunrise
97. Born on the 4th of July
96. JFK
95. The Aviator
94. The Sixth Sense
93. Farenheit 9/11
92. United 93
91. The Graduate
90. Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind
89. Requiem for a Dream
88. Almost Famous
87. Million Dollar Baby
86. Braveheart
85. Kramer vs. Kramer
84. Chinatown
83. A Beautiful Mind
82. Amadeus
81. Good Will Hunting
80. Adaptation
79. Rain Man
78. Midnight Cowboy
77. Mulholland Drive
76. Ordinary People
75. 21 Grams
74. Cat on a Hot Tin Roof
73. Dog Day Afternoon
72. The Lion King
71. Lost in Translation
70. Rear Window
69. Breakfast at Tiffany’s
68. Crash
67. Pretty Woman
66. The Thin Red Line
65. Mystic River
64. The Green Mile
63. Once Upon a Time in America
62. The Wizard of Oz
61. Full Metal Jacket
60. Finding Nemo
59. Gladiator
58. American History X
57. Kill Bill 1
56. Little Miss Sunshine
55. Vertigo
54. Fight Club
53. The Pianist
52. Dead Poets Society
51. Traffic
50. The Shining
49. American Beauty
48. On the Waterfront
47. One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest
46. Scarface
45. Blade Runner
44. Titanic
43. Ben-Hur
42. The Silence of the Lambs
41. The Last Emperor
40. Forrest Gump
39. The Shawshank Redemption
38. Saving Private Ryan
37. The Deer Hunter
36. Rocky
35. A Clockwork Orange
34. Close Encounters of the Third Kind
33. Casablanca
32. Gandhi
31. Léon
30. King Kong
29. Platoon
28. The Sound of Music
27. Dances with Wolves
26. Gosford Park
25. GoodFellas
24. Apocalypse Now
23. Indiana Jones 1–3
22. Rebel Without a Cause
21. To Kill a Mockingbird
20. It’s A Wonderful Life
19. Invasion of the Body Snatchers
18. The Lord of the Rings 1–3
17. Tootsie
16. Jaws
15. Double Indemnity
14. Aliens
13. Taxi Driver
12. Pulp Fiction
11. ET
10. Schindler’s List
9. The Matrix 1–3
8. In the Heat of the Night
7. Psycho
6. 2001
5. Raging Bull
4. Lawrence of Arabia
3. Star Wars
2. Gone with the Wind
1. The Godfather 1–2

Given that it’s a list of the most influential films — rather than the greatest films — it has some surprising entries: Finding Nemo is included, for example, though Toy Story isn’t. But Toy Story, being the first computer-animated film, is surely more influential than the later Finding Nemo?

There are more than 100 films on the list, as Harry Potter, The Lord of The Rings, The Matrix, Indiana Jones, and The Godfather are counted alongside their sequels as single entries. Also, note that Scarface is the Brian de Palma remake, Ben-Hur is the William Wyler remake, Crash is the Paul Haggis film, and Titanic is the James Cameron version.

These are the films in the Cinemags supplemental ‘outside Hollywood’ list:
  • Seven Samurai
  • My Girl
  • Bad Education
  • Life Is Beautiful
  • City of God
  • The Brotherhood of War
  • Oldboy
  • Downfall
  • Battle Royale
  • Cinema Paradiso
  • Infernal Affairs
  • Carandiru
  • Malena
  • In the Mood for Love
  • Spirited Away
  • Run Lola Run
  • Trainspotting
  • Goodbye, Lenin!
  • 2046
  • Amélie
  • Hero
  • A Fish Called Wanda
  • Y tu mamá también
  • The Ring
  • Das Boot
Note that My Girl is the 2003 Thai film (แฟนฉัน), not the 1991 Hollywood movie.

15 August 2025

Manga:
A New History of Japanese Comics


Manga

Frederik L. Schodt’s book Manga! Manga! first introduced Japanese manga comics to Western readers more than thirty years ago, and since then there have been several coffee-table books on the subject. But Eike Exner’s Manga: A New History of Japanese Comics, published this month, is the first complete narrative history of manga.

Based on archival research in Japan, Exner’s book is a revisionist study that deviates from the standard account of other manga historians, who have characterised manga as the culmination of a thousand-year history of inherently Japanese visual culture. Exner previously challenged this myth in Comics and the Origins of Manga, and his new work is a significant expansion of that earlier book’s scope.

As he writes in the introduction to Manga, “this book seeks to provide a coherent account of how comics were established in Japan, how comics have changed over the decades, and how an entire industry arose around Japanese comics and turned the country into the world’s largest exporter of comics.” The book also includes a manga chronology, detailed endnotes, and an extensive bibliography.

Exner’s book is likely to become the standard history of manga, though there are other useful books on the topic. Manga Design (revised as 100 Manga Artists), by Amano Masanao and Julius Wiedemann, profiles mangaka (manga artists). Schodt translated Toshio Ban’s The Osamu Tezuka Story, a biography of the most influential mangaka. Helen McCarthy’s The Art of Osamu Tezuka is a monograph on Tesuka’s manga and anime.

Face with Tears of Joy:
A Natural History of Emoji


Face with Tears of Joy

Keith Houston’s Face with Tears of Joy: A Natural History of Emoji, published last month, is the first comprehensive history of emoji. As its back cover claims, the book “tells the whole story of emoji for the first time.”

Shigetaka Kurita is credited as the inventor of emoji, as he designed a set of pictograms for the Japanese telecom firm Docomo in 1999. But, as Houston explains, Kurita had several predecessors: similar icons were created for a Sharp PDA in 1988, and for a Pioneer cellphone in 1997.

Face with Tears of Joy is not the first book to cover the history of emoji: The Story of Emoji, by Gavin Lucas, was published almost a decade earlier. (Houston’s book doesn’t mention Lucas at all.) With almost fifty pages of notes, Face with Tears of Joy is more detailed than The Story of Emoji, though The Story of Emoji is significant as it includes an interview with Kurita.